Rays and Skates - Apologia

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Marine Biology Video Lessons

Introduction
The Geography of the Oceans
The Earth's Structure
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Plate Interactions
Features of the Ocean Bottom
Properties of Water
Seawater
Salinity, Temperature, and Density Experiment 1.3: The Effects of Salinity and Temperature on the Density of Water
Light in the Sea
Pressure
The Motion of the Ocean
Waves
Tides
Vertical Motion

Introduction
The Process of Life
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cells
Levels of Organization
The Challenge of Life in the Sea
Diffusion and Osmosis
Temperature
Reproduction in the Sea
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Reproductive Strategies
Classifying Life in the Sea
Summing Up

Introduction
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista: The Unicellular Algae
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Kingdom Protista: The Marine Protozoans
Foraminiferans
Radiolarians
Ciliates
Kingdom Protista: The Multicellular Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Red Algae
Reproduction of Multicellular Algae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
The Seagrasses
Saltwater Marsh Plants
The Mangroves
Summing Up

Introduction
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Hydrozoa
Class Scyphozoa
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Ctenophora
The Bilateral Worms
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta
Lophophorates
Summing Up

Introduction
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
Class Bivalvia
Class Cephalopoda
Other Mollusk Classes
Mollusk Biology
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Crustacea
Crustacean Biology
Other Anthropod Classes
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Asteroidea
Class Ophiuroidea
Class Echinoidea
Class Holothuroidea
Class Crinoidea
Echinoderm Biology
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Summing Up

Introduction
Class Agnatha
Class Chondrichthyes
Rays and Skates
The Bony Fishes
The Biology of Fishes
Coloration in Fishes
Locomotion
Feeding and Digestion
The Circulatory System
The Gills and Respiratory System
Osmoregulation and Osmosis
The Nervous System in the Fishes
Social Behavoir
Migrations
Reproduction in the Fishes
Summing Up

Introduction
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Gulls and Similar Birds
Penguins
Shearwaters and Similar Birds
Pelicans and Similar Birds
Birds at the Shore
Class Mammalia
Order Cetacea
Order Sirenia
Order Pinnipedia
Order Carnivora
Echolocation
Movement in the Water
Behavior
Mating and Reproduction
Summing Up

Introduction
The Ecosystem
Population Growth
Predator and Prey Relationships
Symbiosis
Trophic Relationships
Primary Productivity
The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles
Environmental Zones
Summing Up

Introduction
Intertidal Communities
The Rocky Intertidal
Rocky Intertidal Abiotic Conditions
Intertidal Feeding and Reproduction
Wave Action
Surviving the Waves
Zonation of the Rocky Intertidal
The Upper Intertidal Zones
The Middle Intertidal Zones
The Lower Intertidal Zones
The Sandy and Muddy Intertidal
Survival in the Mud
Summing Up

Introduction
The Ice Age: The Most Likely Cause of Most Estuaries
Types of Estuaries
Abiotic Factors in Estuaries
Estuarine Communities
Estuarine Habitats
Wetlands
Mudflats
Channels
Estuary Production
Summing Up

Introduction
Coral Reef Requirements and Locations
Reef Composition
Coral Reef Formation and Growth
Types of Reefs
Coral Reef Ecology
Reef Relationships
Symbiotic Relationships
Summing Up

Introduction
Physical Features of the Continental Shelf
Soft-Bottom Shelf Communities
Unvegetated Soft Bottom Environments
Vegetated Soft-Bottom Environments
Hard Bottom Shelf Communities
Kelp Beds and Forests
Sea Urchins
Summing Up

Introduction
The Epipelagic Zone
Life in the Epipelagic
Epipelagic Phytoplankton
Epipelagic Zooplankton
Epipelagic Nekton
Staying Afloat in the Epipelagic
Living in the Epipelagic Zone
Vertical Migration
The Epipelagic Food Web
Primary Productivity
Nutrients and Productivity
El Nino- Southern Oscillation
Summing Up

Introduction
The Mesopelagic
Mesopelagic Food Webs
Mesopelagic Body Design
The Deep Sea
The Deep Sea floor
Hydrothermal Vents
Other Vent Communities
Deep Sea Photosynthesis
Summing Up

Introduction
Food from the Sea
Food Species and Their Locations
Managing Populations
Mariculture
Other Living Resources
Nonliving Ocean Resources
Summing Up

Introduction
Ocean Habitat Damage
Effects on Coral Reefs
Pollution
Sewage
Fertilizers
Oil
Synthetic Pollutants
DDT
Other Toxic Chemicals
Metals and Other Toxic Materials
Trash and Other Debris
Our Responsibility
In Summary

Rays and Skates

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